Parvovirus B19, Molecular Detection, PCR, Varies (PARVO)

Test Code: MISC

Overview
Ordering
Specimen
Performing
Clinical/Interpretive
Contacts
Coding

Synonyms/Keywords

B19, Erythrovirus B19, Fifth Disease-Parvovirus, Human Parvovirus B19, Parvovirus B19 PCR, Parvovirus PCR, Parvovirus-Fifth Disease

Useful For

Diagnosing parvovirus B19 infection

Specimen Requirements

Specimen Type	Preferred Container/Tube	Specimen Volume	Specimen Minimum Volume (allows for 1 repeat)
Specimen source is required. Submit only 1 of the following specimens:
Amniotic fluid (preferred)	Amniotic fluid container	0.5 mL	0.3 mL
Spinal fluid (preferred)	Sterile vial	0.5 mL	0.3 mL
Synovial fluid (preferred)	Sterile vial or EDTA Lavender Top Tube (LTT)	0.5 mL	0.5 mL
Bone marrow (alternate)	Sterile container or EDTA Lavender Top Tube (LTT)	0.5 mL	0.3 mL

Collection Processing Instructions

Clearly label the specimen with the specific source.

Do not centrifuge amniotic fluid or spinal fluid.

Specimen Stability Information

Specimen Type	Temperature	Time
Varies	Refrigerated (preferred)	7 days
Varies	Frozen	7 days

Rejection Criteria

All specimens will be evaluated at Mayo Clinic Laboratories for test suitability.

Interference

A negative result does not necessarily indicate the absence of parvovirus B19 infection. False-negative results may be due to the virus being present at levels below the limit of detection for this assay, or to inhibitory substances that may be present in the specimen.

This assay has only been validated for the detection of genotype 1 parvovirus B19 and its ability to detect the less common genotypes 2 and 3 is unknown.

Performing Laboratory Information

Performing Location	Day(s) Test Performed	Report Available	Methodology/Instrumentation
Mayo Clinic Laboratories	Monday through Friday	1 to 3 days	Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)/DNA Probe Hybridization

Reference Lab

Mayo Clinic Laboratories

Test Information

Parvovirus B19 is a DNA virus that preferentially replicates in erythroid progenitor cells. Infection with parvovirus B19 can occur at any age, but is most common early in life. Antibody prevalence ranges from 2% to 15% in children 1 to 5 years old to 30% to 60% in adults. The virus is transmitted by respiratory secretions and occasionally by blood products.

Parvovirus B19 infections can be asymptomatic or produce a wide spectrum of disease ranging from erythema infectiosum ("fifth disease" characterized by a classic "slapped cheek" rash) in children to arthropathy, severe anemia, and systemic manifestations involving the central nervous system, heart, and liver depending on the immune competence of the host. Infection with parvovirus B19 in pregnant women may cause hydrops fetalis, congenital anemia, spontaneous abortion, or stillbirth of the fetus. Parvovirus B19 is also the causative agent of transient aplastic crisis and chronic aplasia usually, but not exclusively, in immunocompromised or transplant patients, and those with preexisting hematologic disorders (eg, sickle cell disease).

Most acute infections with parvovirus B19 are diagnosed in the laboratory by serologically detecting IgG- and IgM-class antibodies with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing.

Reference Range Information

Negative

Interpretation

A positive result indicates that parvovirus B19 DNA is present in the clinical sample. However, a positive result does not differentiate between actively replicating virus, transient infection that may be asymptomatic, or the presence of remnant viral nucleic acid.

A negative result suggests the absence of parvovirus B19 infection.

Outreach CPTs

CPT	Modifier (if needed)	Quantity	Description	Comments
87798

Synonyms/Keywords

B19, Erythrovirus B19, Fifth Disease-Parvovirus, Human Parvovirus B19, Parvovirus B19 PCR, Parvovirus PCR, Parvovirus-Fifth Disease

Ordering Applications

Ordering Application	Description
Cerner	MISC

If the ordering application you are looking for is not listed, contact your local laboratory for assistance.

Specimen Requirements

Specimen Type	Preferred Container/Tube	Specimen Volume	Specimen Minimum Volume (allows for 1 repeat)
Specimen source is required. Submit only 1 of the following specimens:
Amniotic fluid (preferred)	Amniotic fluid container	0.5 mL	0.3 mL
Spinal fluid (preferred)	Sterile vial	0.5 mL	0.3 mL
Synovial fluid (preferred)	Sterile vial or EDTA Lavender Top Tube (LTT)	0.5 mL	0.5 mL
Bone marrow (alternate)	Sterile container or EDTA Lavender Top Tube (LTT)	0.5 mL	0.3 mL

Collection Processing